UNPROFOR |
United Nations Protection
Force |
|
The colour combination of the ribbon for the
medals and bars consists of a background of UN blue, with a central wide band of red,
representing the United Nations Protected Areas (UNPAs), flanked by thin stripes of the
white. On the left side there is a narrow band of green, representing forests, and on the
right side, a narrow band of brown, representing the mountains. Elegibility period is 90
days. |
| Authorization |
743 (1992)... |
| Function |
Initially, established in Croatia as an interim arrangement
to create the conditions of peace and security required for the negotiation of an overall
settlement of the Yugoslav crisis. UNPROFOR's mandate was to ensure that the three
"UnitedNations Protected Areas" (UNPAs) in Croatia were demilitarized and that
all persons residing in them were protected. In the course of 1992, UNPROFOR's mandate was
enlarged to include monitoring functions in certain other areas of Croatia ("pink
zones"); to enable the Force to control the entry of civilians into the UNPAs and to
perform immigration and customs functions at the UNPA borders at international frontiers;
and to include monitoring of the demilitarization of the Prevlaka Peninsula and to ensure
control of the Peruca dam, situated in one of the "pink zones". In addition,
UNPROFOR monitored implementation of a cease-fire agreement signed by the Croatian
Government and local Serb authorities in March 1994 following a flare-up of fighting in
January and September 1993.
In June 1992, as the conflict intensified and extended to Bosnia and Herzegovina,
UNPROFOR's mandate and strength were enlarged (UNPROFOR II) in order to ensure the
security and functioning of the airport at Sarajevo, and the delivery of humanitarian
assistance to that city and its environs. In September 1992, UNPROFOR's mandate was
further enlarged to enable it to support efforts by the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees to deliver humanitarian relief throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to
protect convoys of released civilian detainees if the International Committee of the Red
Cross so requested. In addition, the Force monitored the "no-fly" zone, banning
all military flights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the United Nations "safe
areas" established by the Security Council around five Bosnian towns (Tuzla, Zepa,
Goradze, Bihac and Srebrenica) and the city of Sarajevo. UNPROFOR was authorized to use
force in self-defencein reply to attacks against these areas, and to coordinate with the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) the use of airpower in support of its
activities. Similar arrangements were subsequently extended to the territory of Croatia.
UNPROFOR also monitored the implementation of a cease-fire agreement signed by the Bosnian
Government and Bosnian Croat forces in February 1994. In addition, UNPROFOR monitored
cease-fire arrangements negotiated between Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serbs forces,
which entered into force on 1 January 1995. In December 1992, UNPROFOR was also deployed
in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (UNPROFOR III), to monitor and report any
developments in its border areas which could undermine confidence and stability in that
Republic and threaten its territory. On 31 March 1995, the Security Council decided to
restructure UNPROFOR, replacing it with three separate but interlinked peacekeeping
operations (see also UNPF, UNPROFOR (B),
UNCRO and UNPREDEP) |
| Type |
Peace-keeping / Peacemaking /Peacebuilding / Humanitarian
support |
| Location |
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,and the former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia (FYROM) |
| HeadQuarters |
Sarajevo(BiH), then Zagreb, Croatia. |
| Duration |
February 1992 - March 1995 |
| Max. Strenght |
39,922 including 38,614 military personnel, 637 United
Nations military observers and 671 civilian police, plus civilians and local staff.
Authorized force was 44,870, plus 2,500 international staff and 3,000 local staff. |
| Strenght at whithdrawal |
38,848, including 37,421 military personnel, 677 United
Nations military observers and 677 civilian police; the Force also included 2,017
other international civilian staff and 2,615 local staff. |
| Fatalities |
167 (3 milobs, 159 other military, 1 civpol, 2 int'l civilian
staff and 2 local staff) |
| Cost |
4.617 billion US$ (including UNCRO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR and
UNPF) |
| Financing |
Special Account |
| Contributors |
Argentina, Australia (Apr 1992 - Nov 93), Bangladesh, Belgium,
Brazil (since Aug 1992), Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,
France, Ghana, India (Apr 1992 - Mar 1993), Indonesia (since Oct 1993) , Ireland, Jordan,
Kenya, Lithuania (since nov 1994), Malaysia (since Sept 1993), Nepal, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan (since June 1994), Poland, Portugal, Russian
Federation, Senegal (Jan - Mar 1995), Slovak Republic, Spain (since Oct 1992), Sweden,
Switzerland (since May 1992), Thailand (Apr 1992), Tunisia, Turkey (since June 1994),
Ukraine (since Aug 1992), United Kingdom, United States (since Nov 1992), Venezuela (Apr
1992 - Nov 1994) |
| Notes |
None |
